The muscles of the soft palate are five on each side: the
Levator palati, Tensor palati, Azygos uvulm, Palato-glossus, and Palato-pharyngeus . The following is the relative position of these structures in a
dissection of the soft palate from the posterior or nasal to the anterior 01' oral surface: Immediately beneath the nasal mucous membrane is a thin
stratum of muscular fibres, the posterior fasciculus of the Palato-pharyngeus
muscle, joining with its fellow of the opposite side in the middle line.
Beneath this is the Azygos uvulm, consisting
of two rounded fleshy fasciculi, placed side by side in the median line of
the soft palate. Next comes the aponeurosis of the Levator palati, joining
with the muscle of the opposite side in the middle line. Fourthly, the
anterior fasciculus of the Palato-pharyngells, thicker than the posterior,
and separating the Levator palati from the next muscle, the Tensor palati.
This muscle terminates in a tendon which, after winding round the hamular
process, expands into a broad aponeurosis in the soft palate, anterior to the
other muscles which have been enumerated. Finally, we have a thin muscular
stratum, the Palato-glossus muscle, placed in front of the aponeurosis of the
Tensor palati, and separated from the oral
mucous membrane by adenoid tissue.
The Tonsils (amygdalce) are two prominent bodies
situated one on each side of the fauces, between the anterior and posterior
pillars of the soft palate. They are of a rounded form, and vary considerably
in size in different individuals. A recess, the fossa supra-tonsillaris, may be seen, directed upward and
backward above the tonsil. His regards this as the remains of the lower part
of the second visceral cleft. It is covered by a fold of mucous membrane
termed the plica
triangularis. Externally
the tonsil is in relation with the inner surface of the Superior constrictor,
to the outer side of which is the Internal pterygoid muscle. The internal
carotid artery lies behind and to the outer side of the tonsil, and nearly an
inch distant from it. It corresponds
to the angle of the lower jaw. Its inner surface presents from twelve to fifteen orifices, leading into
small recesses, from which numerous follicles branch out into the substance
of the gland. These follicles are lined by a continuation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, covered with
epithelium; around each follicle is a layer of closed capsules imbedded in
the submucous tissue. These capsules are analogous to those of Peyer's
glands, consisting of adenoid tissue. No openings from the capsules into the
follicles can be recognized. They contain a thick grayish secretion. Surrounding
each follicle is a close plexus of lymphatic vessels. From these plexuses the
lymphatic vessels pass to the deep cervical giands in the upper part of the
neck, which frequently become enlarged in affections of these organs.
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Sunday, 12 May 2013
THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION
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